Bulletin WKU

EXAMINING EFL LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES USE OF SCAFFOLDING APPROACH ON DEVELOPING WRITING STRATEGIES

2025-06-24T05:49:55+00:00

Abstract. English language is one of the widely used languages today. It is being tried to be learned by millions of people for the various purposes. There are plenty of methods, approaches and techniques in teaching and learning foreign languages. Each of them has its own advantages, the most important of which is that foreign language learners learn the language in an easy way without any troubles. Overall 39 learners from the Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University were participated in order to investigate EFL learners’ attitudes towards Scaffolding approach on developing writing strategies. Quantitative method was used; questionnaire was surveyed between two courses. Mann Whitney U-test used to calculate differences between two independent variables. In accordance clear-cut results of descriptive analysis presented that EFL learners’ confidence towards Scaffolding approach, moreover, there was no significant difference grade and gender.

Key words: Scaffolding; writing strategies; approach; EFL learners; various purposes; methods; techniques; clear-cut results; Mann Whitney U-test; English language; Quantitative method.

UDC 378.147 CLIL AND MEDIA: ENHANCING LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH CULTURAL CONTEXTS

2025-06-24T05:52:37+00:00

Annotation.This study examines the integration of digital media in CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) classrooms, focusing on its impact on language acquisition, cultural learning, and student engagement. Through a systematic literature review of 11 peer-reviewed sources, the research identifies key themes in media-enhanced linguistic development, intercultural competence, and pedagogical challenges. The findings confirm that audiovisual resources significantly improve vocabulary retention, pronunciation, and comprehension while fostering cultural awareness through authentic linguistic exposure. However, issues such as teacher preparedness, accessibility of media resources, and assessment challenges remain significant barriers. The study highlights the need for structured teacher training programs, innovative digital learning frameworks, and updated evaluation models to optimize media-enhanced CLIL instruction. The research contributes to the growing discourse on digital education in multilingual learning environments, offering recommendations for effective media integration strategies and future research directions.

METHODOLOGY OF USING THE PROJECT METHOD IN ORGANIZING STUDENTS' INDEPENDENT LEARNING

2025-09-18T07:41:43+00:00

The rational organization of independent education in the process of higher education serves to effectively organize student activities. According to the credit-module system, more hours are allocated for students’ independent learning compared to classroom hours, which requires a creative approach to organizing independent activities. According to this point of view, the article provides information about the design method and methods of its use in organizing independent education of students, stages of implementation, advantages and disadvantages.

FORMS AND METHODS OF DEVELOPING DISCURSIVE COMPETENCE IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2025-06-24T11:56:38+00:00

Аннотация. Развитие дискурсивной компетенции является жизненно важным аспектом обучения иностранному языку, поскольку оно позволяет учащимся организовывать и выражать идеи связно и уместно в различных коммуникативных контекстах. Дискурсивная компетентность предполагает способность эффективно структурировать устную или письменную речь, поддерживать согласованность и адаптироваться к социальным и культурным ожиданиям общения. Чтобы развить этот навык, преподаватели используют различные формы и методы, такие как обучение языку на основе заданий (TBLT), ролевые игры, проектное обучение и жанровые подходы. Эти методы побуждают учащихся практиковаться в организации идей, использовании дискурсивных маркеров и применении риторических стратегий в аутентичных контекстах.

Уделяя особое внимание дискурсивной компетенции, обучение иностранным языкам не только улучшает языковые способности учащихся, но и готовит их к полноценному участию в академической, профессиональной и социальной жизни. Такой подход способствует коммуникативной уверенности и культурной восприимчивости, обеспечивая учащимся хорошую подготовку к общению в реальном мире. В исследовании освещаются преимущества и проблемы использования этих методов, подчеркивается важность сбалансированного использования традиционных и инновационных подходов для достижения максимальных результатов обучения

THE ROLE OF CLIL IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS ' CRITICAL THINKING:AN EXPLORATION OF PRACTICES THAT PROMOTE ACTIVE LEARNING AND INFORMATION ANALYSIS

2025-06-24T11:57:31+00:00

This article examines the role of the CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) methodology in developing students ' critical thinking. The CLIL approach allows students to acquire new knowledge and language skills by studying subjects in a foreign language. The article shows the important role of the CLIL method in the formation of students ' critical thinking skills, and also examines the effectiveness of this method in developing the ability to actively learn and analyze information. It is about the skills that students develop through the methods and practices used to develop students ' critical thinking. As a result of the study, the types of tasks used in biology lessons using the CLIL methodare presented, and the importance of these methods in improving students ' critical thinking skills is shown. Practical examples and methodological recommendations prove the importance of the CLIL approach in improving students ' analytical and constructive thinking.

METHODS OF INCREASING MOTIVATION TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

2025-06-24T11:57:04+00:00

This article deals with the methods of increasing high school students’ motivation towards learning a foreign language. There are different recommendations and their explanation on the educational process while learning English language at 10^th and 11^th grades of the secondary schools. The study emphasizes the role of communicative competence, spontaneous speech, and interactive activities such as role-play. Special attention is given to authentic resources, which contribute to developing students’ ability to use English in real-life situations. The article also discusses the psychological aspects of motivation and the impact of ICT tools on language learning. Additionally, it highlights the importance of teacher support, guided practice, and assessment techniques, such as weekly tests, to monitor students’ progress. The findings suggest that a communicative approach, combined with diverse teaching methods, significantly boosts students’ willingness to participate in discussions, improving their confidence and proficiency in English.

37.091.4 V.A. SUKHOMLINSKY’S PEDAGOGY ON TEACHER TRAINING

2025-06-24T11:55:22+00:00

Annotation.

This article analyzes V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical views on teacher training. Particular attention is given to the importance of a teacher’s personal and professional growth, as well as their role in fostering a creative and humanistic approach to education. The necessity of combining theoretical training with practical experience is emphasized, along with the significance of a teacher’s moral and ethical qualities. The article presents a comparative analysis of Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical experience and modern teacher training methods, highlighting similarities and differences. Special focus is placed on issues of student-centered learning, pedagogical ethics, and mentorship. The relevance of Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical legacy in the context of contemporary educational challenges is substantiated. The influence of pedagogical mastery on shaping students’ moral values is examined. The article explores aspects of a teacher’s professional development through the lens of Sukhomlinsky’s ideas, including his views on the importance of speech culture, empathy, and pedagogical tact. Key principles of his pedagogical concept are discussed, along with their transformation in modern educational realities. Additionally, pedagogical principles aimed at forming a harmonious student personality through teacher interaction, fostering independence, and developing critical thinking are considered. The article also examines mechanisms for integrating Sukhomlinsky’s ideas into modern educational strategies to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and upbringing.

Keywords: education, pedagogy, teacher training, teacher, mastery, personality, legacy, professionalism, creativity, student-centered learning, professional competence, pedagogical tact.

DEVELOPING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ESP CLASSES IN THE DIGITAL ERA

2025-06-24T11:54:51+00:00

Annotation. Mastering speaking skills are necessary for high school students in order to face the globalization era in this modern world. However, the speaking competences improved by the high school students are still needed to be increased. That is why this research tried to answer some questions: the lack of ESP speaking innovative approaches for students of high schools; what kinds of ESP speaking digital technologies high school students needed; and how effective was the implementation of digital tools in ESP classes. Teachers of English had been asked about using digital tools in ESP lessons and the eleventh grades had been chosen. In conducting the study, students were observed and interviewed about using ICT tools in ESP classes to level up their speaking skills and educators were interviewed about the effectiveness of using digital tools in ESP classes to develop students’ speaking abilities. The interviews were conducted; questionnaires were given to the students to identify their needs and interests to develop speaking skills in classes. It was found out that the researching was considered effective based on the interview results and very good based on the questionnaire analysis.

ROLE OF INTERNET RESOURCES IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

2025-06-24T12:00:12+00:00

With the development of technology, the dynamics of today's education system are changing rapidly. The use of Internet resources has become an important component that enhances students' experience and changes the way of learning, especially in the field of foreign language teaching. This paper discusses the pros and cons of using internet resources for foreign language learning. Research shows that learners have easy access to a wide range of knowledge through online resources. In addition, these materials provide learners with engaging and effective methods to improve their language proficiency. But in addition to these benefits, the Internet also poses challenges such as digital divide, distraction, and difficulty in finding reliable information. In conclusion, an in-depth study of the opportunities and challenges that the Internet presents in the field of foreign language teaching is intended to contribute to the digital transformation of education.

READING AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING LANGUAGE COMPETENCE AMONG NON-LINGUISTIC STUDENTS

2025-06-24T11:59:32+00:00

This article examines the use of the reading book English Through Reading as an effective tool for developing language competence among non-linguistic students. The conducted experiment confirmed the hypothesis that reading positively impacts lexical and grammatical skills, text comprehension, and both oral and written speech. A comparative analysis of the control and experimental groups demonstrated that students using the book achieved higher results. The study also identified key challenges related to language proficiency levels, vocabulary acquisition, and motivation for reading. The article provides methodological recommendations for overcoming these difficulties and outlines prospects for further research, including the integration of digital books and interactive platforms in foreign language education.

SONG AS A METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH

2025-06-24T11:59:06+00:00

This article provides an in-depth examination of the use of songs as an innovative and effective method for teaching English. Drawing on recent studies and established language acquisition theories, this research explores the ways in which songs facilitate vocabulary retention, improve pronunciation, foster cultural awareness, and increase learner motivation. Songs combine linguistic, auditory, and cultural elements, making them a unique multimodal tool that enhances memory and engages students on both cognitive and emotional levels. The article also highlights the practical benefits of using songs in language instruction. Songs’ repetitive structures make new vocabulary and grammatical patterns more memorable, while their rhythmic and melodic qualities aid in developing natural pronunciation and intonation. Further, songs provide learners with cultural insights, exposing them to idiomatic expressions and social contexts unique to English-speaking communities, thereby promoting intercultural competence. Research shows that songs increase classroom engagement by creating a relaxed, supportive environment that lowers language-related anxiety, enhancing learners’ willingness to participate actively.

THE CONTINUITY OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BASED ON THE THEORIZATION OF THE CONTENT OF MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION

2025-06-24T11:55:48+00:00

Annotation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the opinions of teachers and lecturers in order to realize the continuity of mathematics teaching between higher education institutions and secondary schools based on the theorization of the content of mathematical education. This study used a qualitative research method. The research group consisted of 40 mathematics teachers and 12 teachers teaching at various universities and secondary schools in Kazakhstan. The research data was collected using a semi-structured interview form developed in advance. The research data was evaluated using the content analysis method. The study showed that the majority of mathematics teachers who participated in the study did not have a sufficient level of competence in additional topics of mathematics content theorization. The vast majority of mathematics teachers stated that their competence in solving mathematical problems on new topics is very insufficient.

81’42 PERSUASION THROUGH SOCIAL MODALITY: LINGUISTIC STRATEGIES IN ADVERTISING

2025-06-24T11:58:20+00:00

Annotation. This article explores the role of social modality in advertising, analyzing how brands use linguistic strategies to create a sense of belonging, reinforce social norms, and influence consumer behavior. The study examines key means of expressing social modality, including modal verbs, generalizations and social proof, inclusive language, moral and ethical appeals, social stereotypes, social pressure, and expressions of care. Through the analysis of multiple advertisements, the paper highlights how these techniques make advertising messages more persuasive and appealing, shaping consumer perceptions and encouraging purchases.

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILOLOGICAL RESEARCH: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF MODERN AI TECHNOLOGIES IN LINGUISTICS

2025-06-24T11:54:26+00:00

The advancement of artificial intelligence is increasingly reshaping the landscape of philological research, offering novel opportunities for the analysis of texts, languages, and cultural traditions. This article examines the outcomes of an interdisciplinary investigation based on 27 projects undertaken at German universities between 2020 and 2024, aimed at integrating AI technologies into philological practice. Through the application of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, case study analysis, and data triangulation, the study highlights both the potential of AI to expedite corpus processing and reveal latent patterns, and the critical risks associated with the erosion of cultural context and the insufficient reflexivity of researchers. Special emphasis is placed on ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI in the humanities, as well as the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration in enhancing the functionality of digital tools. The findings underscore the necessity of maintaining a critical and informed dialogue between humanistic scholarship and technological innovation.

INTERPRETATION OF ETIOLOGICAL MYTHS IN KAZAKH PROSE OF THE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD

2025-06-24T11:57:55+00:00

Abstract. The article is about the transmission of etiological myths found in Kazakh prose during the years of independence. It provides the features of writing and etiological myths of writers of that time. Nature and life are the source of human imagination. Usually, any myth is based on historical experience, some human experience. Especially in myths, real historical events of the past are listed as pearls and told sequentially. For this reason, mythology will become a tool that no other art can compare with in studying the history of individual peoples. Myths reflect the real life of a people and the relationships between people.

READER LITERACY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: INTEGRATION OF ICT AND AI IN TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2025-09-18T07:36:58+00:00

The article examines changes in the interpretation of reader literacy in the context of digitalization of education. It analyzes the pedagogical aspects of applying information and communication technologies (ICT) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the process of teaching the Russian language in general secondary education. The author emphasizes the need to develop students’ digital and cross-disciplinary competencies, including critical thinking, skills for interpreting multimodal texts, and evaluating the reliability of sources.

HISTORY OF MASS COLLECTIVIZATION, AND THE LIQUIDATION OF “BAYS AND KULAKS” AS A CLASS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN (1930-1932).

2025-06-24T07:00:49+00:00

The article deals with the campaign of mass collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a social class in the districts that were part of Akmola and Petropavlovsk districts. The authors on the basis of archival documents stored in the archives of Akmola and North-Kazakhstan regions, Astana city, as well as in the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan analyze the actions of public authorities aimed at implementing the directives of higher authorities. The article provides information on the timing and nature of measures related to mass collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a social class, methods of their implementation, as well as the attitude of the local population to the actions of the authorities. In the authors' opinion, such regional studies make it possible to reveal the regularities, principles, and mechanisms of the campaigns of collectivization and liquidation of “bai and kulaks” as a class on a nationwide scale.

According to the authors, the Kraikom, district and district committees of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) became the main bodies of control and management of the process of collective farm construction, which required the rural population to be politically subordinated. This, in turn, led to an acute socio-political and economic crisis, which was reflected in the repressive policy of the authorities. The agrarian policy of the state, aimed at mass collectivization, radically changed the system of social relations in Kazakh auls and Russian-Ukrainian villages of Northern Kazakhstan.

MEMORY OF WAR: THE MEMORY OF THE FEAT OF BAKIT BAIZHANOV DESERVES TO BE IMMORTALIZED

2025-06-24T12:02:07+00:00

. On the basis of the materials of the Special State Archive of the KNB it is proposed to immortalize the memory of the hero and patriot Bakit Baizhanov, who, being in the «Turkestan Legion», kept in touch with the Soviet partisans and organized an underground group among the legionnaires. In December 1942, the group, having killed 30 Germans, defected to the side of the Red Army with weapons in their hands. The organizer of the group - Bakit Baizhanov was arrested by fascists, despite tortures, did not give out any of his compatriots and was shot. Despite the presence of a number of documentary materials and testimonies confirming the heroism of Baizhanov, his feat remains practically unknown until now.

KAZAKH-TATAR CULTURAL RELATIONS IN THE CITY OF SEMEY: ENLIGHTENMENT, PRESS, AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

2025-06-24T07:32:51+00:00

This article is dedicated to the historical analysis of Kazakh-Tatar cultural, educational, and economic relations in the city of Semey. The study examines the influence of Tatar mullahs on the education system in the Kazakh steppe, the contribution of Tatar merchants to the economic development of Semey, and their roles in trade and industry.

Within the framework of the Russian Empire’s colonial policy, restrictions and control measures imposed on Kazakh-Tatar relations are analyzed based on archival documents. As evidence, the article cites an excerpt from the 1877 report of the Governor-General, expressing concern about the influence of Tatar mullahs on Kazakh enlightenment. These documents reveal the Tsarist administration’s efforts to hinder the involvement of Tatar mullahs in the education of Kazakh children.

Furthermore, the article highlights the formation and development of intellectual connections between Kazakh and Tatar elites, particularly in the fields of culture, enlightenment, and the press. The publication of Kazakh intellectuals’ names in the Shura journal and articles in Tatar periodicals such as Tercüman played a significant role in shaping national consciousness and disseminating enlightenment ideas. The Kazakh press also published materials about the activities of Tatar intellectuals. The continuous exchange of ideas and the establishment of creative collaborations between authors from both communities illustrate the depth of cultural interaction between the Kazakh and Tatar peoples.

In the economic sphere, Tatar merchants significantly contributed to the development of trade and industry in Semey, enhancing the living standards of the local population. The establishment of the Irtysh fleet, flour milling enterprises, and the development of gold mines by Latif Musin were key factors driving the city’s economic growth. Additionally, charitable organizations founded by Kazakh and Tatar intellectuals fostered cooperation in the fields of education and social support.

The research concludes that the mutual resonance between the Kazakh and Tatar peoples—manifested through shared language, religion, and unity—served as the foundation for their close cultural and spiritual ties, particularly as a form of resistance against colonial policies. This study reveals the social, cultural, and economic dimensions of Kazakh-Tatar relations in Semey and underscores the historical significance of their cooperation.

INFLUENCE OF BORDER FORTIFICATIONS CONSTRUCTION IN THE XVIII CENTURY ON THE TOPONYMY OF THE MIDDLE PRIIRTYSH REGION

2025-06-24T07:35:32+00:00

The toponymy of the modern territory of the Middle Priirtyshye has a centuries-old history and reflects the main stages of development of the region, within which, in the course of these or those historical events, the layers of vocabulary of representatives of different language groups mixed and interacted, which was reflected in the names of rivers, mountains, lakes, settlements, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine some features of the formation and development of the toponymy of the Middle Priirtyshye associated with the construction of border fortified lines in the region in the XVIII century. This system of defensive constructions, organised on the initiative of the Russian Empire government, not only had strategic importance for the control over the Kazakh steppes and their colonisation, but also had a great influence on the transformation of the spatial structure of the region, reflected in its toponymy and having predominantly Slavic basis. Specific examples trace the emergence and functioning of Russian toponyms associated with the names of fortresses and lighthouses, some of which continue to exist today in the form of urban and rural settlements. The study reveals that many of the names of fortified points, which appeared at that time, were transferred from the old place of residence by people moving here or were derived from them; some of them were associated with the features of nearby water bodies. These names became an important element of the cultural landscape of the region, symbolising the historical link between the spatial development of the territory and multinational interaction in the process of its integration into the Russian Empire.

R RESULTS OF FIELD ETHNOGRAPHIC EXPEDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE 1950S – MIDDLE 1960S TO STUDY THE COLLECTIVE FARM PEASANTRY IN THE WORKS OF KH.A. ARGYNBAYEV

2025-06-24T07:37:01+00:00

The goal of this article is to summarize the significant and valuable ethnographic material collected by the prominent Kazakh ethnographer Kh.A. Argynbayev as part of the ethnographic expeditions of the Ethnography Department of the Institute of History, Archeology and Anthropology of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR in the mid-1950s – early 1960s. The materials were the scholar's early research articles on the economy, culture and life of the rural population of Southern Kazakhstan and Zhetysu in the past and present, including those in the Kazakh language and translated into Russian as part of the grant project for the publication of selected works of Kh.A. Argynbayev. In the field of methodology, we relied on both general scientific principles of objectivity, systematicity, etc., and special methods – problem-chronological, comparative-historical methods, which made it possible to analyze the ethnographer's works as sources for the development of animal husbandry among the Kazakhs, the system of settlements and housing, traditional crafts, and the organization of labor and life of collective farmers. The introductory part of the article also traces the history of the development of field research in the academic department of ethnography in close cooperation with ethnographers from Moscow and Leningrad, who determined significant areas of research. The results of the study will be in demand by historians, ethnologists, teachers when conducting lectures and practical classes in the core specialties of bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs, when compiling educational and methodological complexes of elective disciplines, writing textbooks and teaching aids.

SHAPING KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY: RESEARCH OVERVIEW

2025-06-24T12:01:14+00:00

Since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the global scientific community began to combine approaches and methods of history and geography, creating a new direction known as "historical geography". In Kazakhstani science, historical geography, although has achieved significant success, still remains a secondary direction of historical science and has not reached the stage of institutionalization into a separate field of research. The purpose of this article is to consider some aspects of the development of historical geography in Kazakhstan in comparison with the trajectory of development of world and Soviet science. To this end, the article first examines the development of the school of historical geography in Western schools with an emphasis on Anglo-Saxon traditions. Then, the development of the Soviet school of historical geography is analyzed. Then, the article moves on to an analysis of the stages of development of the Kazakhstani historical-geographical direction. In conclusion, the authors summarize the current state of historical geography research in Kazakhstan.

WESTERN EUROPEAN HISTORIOGRAPHY ON KHAN BERKE

2025-06-24T12:00:38+00:00

Western European historiography on Khan Berke (1257–1266) examines his
reign in the context of political, military, and religious changes within the Mongol Empire.
European sources, such as the travel accounts of William of Rubruck and the works of modern
historians, emphasize Berke’s conversion to Islam, his conflict with Hulagu Khan, and his
diplomatic relations with Islamic states. In 19th–20th century historiographical traditions, Berke
was often portrayed as a pragmatic ruler balancing traditional Mongol identity with Islamic
influence. Contemporary studies by Western scholars, including Timothy May, George Lane,
and Marie Favereau-Dumenge, analyze his rule through the lens of the transformation of the
Ulus of Jochi and its role in the further Islamization of the Golden Horde. The antagonism
between Berke and Hulagu in Western historiography is interpreted not only as a struggle for
power but also as a contest for ideological dominance between the Islamized and Buddhist-
Chinese branches of the Chinggisid lineage.

ON THE BATTLE CRY OF THE KAZAKH TAMA CLAN

2025-06-24T11:56:12+00:00

This article examines the origin and significance of the battle cry (uran) of the Kazakh Tama clan, associated with the name of Karabura. The author conducts a source-based analysis of written, oral, and ethnographic materials, identifying various versions of the origin of this uran. Particular attention is given to comparing historical accounts of Karabura with Kazakh genealogical traditions and legends widespread across different regions. The study demonstrates that the image of Karabura was shaped by both ethnic and religious factors, which influenced his veneration in folk tradition. Based on the analysis of written sources, a hypothesis is proposed regarding a connection between Karabura and one of the emirs of the Ulus of Jochi.

ERZHAN KHAZIRET’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SOCIETY

2025-09-18T07:41:09+00:00

The topic of Erjan Hazrat’s contribution to the connection between religion and society is highly relevant in the current era. This article analyzes Erjan Hazrat’s role in promoting Islam and preserving spiritual values in society. His thoughts on understanding the mutual influence of religion and society, as well as ensuring the connection between these two spheres, can serve as a foundation for discussions on important social and cultural issues. As a devout figure of his time, Erjan Hazrat played a significant role in establishing the important place of Islam not only in an individual’s life but also in the spiritual life of society, contributing to the formation of spiritual unity within society. The article discusses his religious sermons, his stance on social issues, and his efforts to maintain harmony and tolerance between religion and society.

HISTORICAL MEMORY: THE «THAW» IN KAZAKHSTAN

2025-06-24T12:01:41+00:00

This publication, based on the archival materials of the former KGB of the Kazakh SSR, reveals little-known (unknown) aspects of the so-called «thaw» - the period of de-Stalinization in Kazakhstan. Thanks to declassified documents the reader is given the opportunity to expand the ideas about our famous and not so famous compatriots, to see them sometimes in an unexpected perspective. Special attention is paid to the activity in the 1960s of the student public association «Zhas Tulpar» headed by Murat Auezov (January 1, 1943 - June 14, 2024).

POSTCOLONIAL ASPECTS OF THE ANTI–SLAVERY DISCOURSE OF THE DEBATE IN THE US CONGRESS ON THE OREGON TERRITORIAL BILL IN MAY-AUGUST 1848

2025-09-18T07:35:40+00:00

The article examines the special, post-colonialist aspects of the anti-slavery argument used during the debates in the US Congress on the Oregon Territorial Bill. These aspects were formed in the political consciousness of Americans, primarily in the northern states, in the process of rethinking their colonial past and anti-colonial struggle. They sounded in the form of stable ideological justifications for preventing any further territorial spread of slavery. The understanding of slavery as a "cursed colonial legacy", a "shameful stigma" on the bright image of an independent American nation and slavery as evidence of postcolonial economic and civilizational backwardness had a decisive effect on the ideological opposition to the spread of slavery to new territories. The ideas of saving the nationality of honor, conversion and following revolutionary ideals decisively influenced the anti-slavery rhetoric of congressmen.

ECOLOGICALLY ORIENTED MINERAL EXPLORATION: THE SYNERGY OF REMOTE SENSING AND MACHINE LEARNING

2025-06-24T10:02:43+00:00

The article explores the prospects of integrating remote sensing (RS) and machine learning (ML) in mineral exploration. The combination of these advanced technologies opens new horizons for geological research, enabling more efficient and accurate identification of mineralization, mapping of lithological units, and analysis of structural features and alteration zones. The paper examines current methods of processing remote sensing data using various machine learning algorithms, including deep neural networks and clustering methods. Special emphasis is placed on practical examples demonstrating the successful application of RS and ML synergy in geological exploration. The main challenges and future research prospects in this area are also discussed, highlighting the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and sustainability of mineral exploration processes.

LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY BASED ON PRACTICEORIENTED GEOGRAPHY ASSIGNMENTS FOR 11TH GRADE STUDENTS

2025-06-24T12:02:33+00:00

The article discusses approaches to the formation of environmentally
oriented thinking among high school students through practice-oriented geography assignments.
The key aspects of low-carbon development, methods of studying it in the educational process,
and examples of tasks that contribute to the formation of sustainable environmental skills
among students are presented.
This article examines the importance of teaching 11th grade students a low-carbon
geography development strategy through practical exercises. Low-carbon development is a
strategic concept aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring environmental
sustainability, and transitioning to a green economy. To develop students' ecological thinking,
practical tasks are offered, such as calculating the carbon footprint, compiling a carbon map of
the region, and developing a low-carbon school project. Such assignments allow students to
develop research skills, increase environmental responsibility, and understand the principles of
sustainable development.

A NEW DESTINATION IN TOURISM GEOGRAPHY: CATANDUANES PROVINCE (REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES)

2025-09-18T07:35:06+00:00

Catanduanes, one of the eastern islands of the Philippines, is located in the southeast of Luzon Island and on the west coast of the Philippines sea. It is a little researched, sparsely populated, mountainous and rugged island. It is also known as the "island of howling winds" or the “island of harsh storms”. In this study, the geographical location of the island of Catanduanes, its natural and human geographical features and the main tourism resources are briefly discussed.
The island's tourism potential has been tried to be explored by examining the important
beaches, cities, hotels, waterfalls, caves, streams, nature preserve areas and historical-cultural
attractions. Catanduanes across the Pacific Ocean is one of the least developed but happiest
islands of the Philippines as well. For this reason, it is expected that tourism activities on the
island will develop as Catanduanes gets infrastructure investments such as transportation,
education, health, communication and sewage in the next half century.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL OF NATURAL SITES IN EAST KAZAKHSTAN

2025-06-24T12:09:01+00:00

Abstract. The article presents a spatial analysis of the tourism potential of natural sites in East Kazakhstan, aimed at identifying prospects for ecotourism development in the region. The study includes a review of existing tourist destinations, their natural, infrastructural, and geographical characteristics, as well as an analysis of factors influencing tourism development. As part of the research, a survey of more than 800 respondents was conducted, the results of which helped determine the tourism attractiveness of eight key natural sites in the region based on nine evaluation criteria. It was found that the main limitations for tourism development are the low transport accessibility of certain areas and the lack of infrastructure, while the most popular sites experience environmental pressure due to high visitor numbers. Based on the obtained data, recommendations have been proposed for optimizing tourism infrastructure, regulating tourist flows, attracting investments, and improving spatial management mechanisms, ensuring the sustainable development of the tourism industry in East Kazakhstan.

ANALYSIS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT PLANS OF THE SHCHINSKO-BOROVSKAYA RESORT AREA

2025-06-24T12:10:39+00:00

Статья посвящена анализу материалов и методов исследования планов по развитию Щучинско-Боровской курортной зоны (ЩБКЗ). Основное внимание уделено теоретическому анализу, включающему социально-экономические, инфраструктурные и логистические факторы, а также сравнению четырех основных этапов развития курорта с 2012 по 2029 год. Рассмотрены ключевые мероприятия каждого плана, их финансовые затраты и предполагаемые результаты. Особое внимание уделено внедрению инновационных подходов в развитии туризма, улучшению инфраструктуры и привлечению туристов. Статья представляет собой всесторонний обзор инициатив по созданию устойчивого туризма в регионе и их влияния на экономику Акмолинской области.

PRACTICAL STEPS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE "FLIPPED LEARNING" METHOD IN GEOGRAPHY LESSONS

2025-06-24T12:13:34+00:00

The "flipped classroom" method is an innovative approach that effectively organizes the learning process. In this methodology, theoretical material is studied independently at home, while classroom time is dedicated to practical assignments, discussions, and applied exercises. In geography education, this method enables work with maps, digital resources, research projects, and practical tasks. Students immerse themselves in an active learning environment, learning to analyze information, conduct independent research, and understand geographical patterns based on real data. Thus, the flipped classroom method contributes to the development of critical thinking, research skills, and increased interest in the subject.

APPLICATION OF DEM TO IDENTIFY AVALANCHE HAZARDOUS TERRITORIES IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION

2025-06-24T12:15:30+00:00

One of the main factors in avalanche formation is the terrain. Studying the avalanche area is the first step in assessing avalanche risk. Geomorphological factors play a key role in influencing the stability of snow cover and the occurrence of avalanches. The interaction of several key terrain features, such as elevation, slope, aspect, and terrain roughness, determine the conditions under which avalanches are most likely to occur. Various elements of the relief contribute to the accumulation of snow, create conditions for its melting and often determine the scale of possible avalanches. The terrain is the main geomorphological factor in identifying avalanche-prone areas and the possibility of developing a methodology for selecting priority mountain slopes for placing avalanche hazard monitoring systems.

This article examines modern Remote Sensing (RS) methods for identifying avalanche-prone areas using the most effective and reliable modern methods.

The results of the study include conducting a geomorphometric analysis of slopes, determining the timing of occurrence and collapse of snow cover, and identifying priority areas for placing avalanche hazard monitoring systems. These results will help optimize the placement of monitoring systems and improve the accuracy of avalanche threat forecasts.

APPLICATION OF ASTER SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING DATA IN EXPLORATION OF PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS

2025-06-24T12:18:29+00:00

Annotation: Advanced Thermal Emission and Reflectivity Radiometer (ASTER) data were analyzed to map alteration in the Koldar massif in southeastern Kazakhstan. Porphyry copper deposits are characterized by extensive alteration zones that are much larger than the ore bodies themselves, allowing them to be clearly identified in satellite imagery. A typical alteration mineral assemblage was identified, consistent with a porphyry copper mineralization model, which was used as the basis for the remote sensing model.

A spectral angle map (SAM) and channel math were used to analyze the data, allowing minerals characteristic of the mudstone and propylite zones to be identified. Relative absorption depths of the bands and simple VNIR/SWIR fusion techniques provided information on the lithological composition of the rocks. The results of the analysis showed good correlation with known copper deposits in the study area, where structural features of the relief are closely related to mineralization. ASTER data in combination with field surveys proved to be effective in characterizing alteration zones in porphyry deposits. VNIR and SWIR spectral ranges allow effective differentiation of argillites, propylites and ferritization alteration within a single deposit.

THE IMPACT OF INSOLATION AND ALBEDO ON AVALANCHE RISK FORMATION IN DIFFERENT SLOPE ASPECTS

2025-09-27T04:10:31+00:00

The formation of avalanche risk in mountainous regions is significantly influenced by a complex interplay of natural factors, including slope insolation and albedo. This study investigates the impact of insolation, surface reflectivity (albedo), and their relationship with other climatic parameters, such as temperature and snow cover, on the development of avalanche risk across different slope aspects (north, south, east, and west). Using remote sensing data (MODIS, ERA5-Land, CHIRPS) and a digital elevation model, a multi-year (2000–2024) analysis of changes in snow cover, temperature, and albedo during the winter period was conducted. The results of the study demonstrate that slope aspect significantly affects insolation levels, which, in turn, determine the melting dynamics of snow cover and variations in avalanche risk. The study highlights key relationships between insolation, albedo, snow cover, and temperature and presents models for predicting avalanche risk. The findings can be applied to avalanche safety management and slope monitoring in the context of a changing climate.

REGIONAL FEATURES OF DOMESTIC YAK (BOS MUTUS) DISEASES DURING ACCLIMATIZATION IN THE ORENBURG REGION

2025-09-27T04:09:53+00:00

Increased interest in the treatment and prevention of diseases of large herbivores is associated with the processes of their acclimatization during introduction and reintroduction, modeling of behavior in conditions of existence in the wild, with minimal human participation. Nature conservation projects for the return of large ungulates to their natural habitat are becoming widespread in order to maintain the optimal functioning of natural ecosystems. The ideology of the project corresponds to the concept of ecological rewilding. Animals are kept in a semi-free state. Since 2014, acclimatization of the domestic yak (Bos mutus Przewalski, 1883) has been carried out in the Orenburg region. The domestic yak was selected as a species adapted to existence in extreme conditions with low temperatures, extreme solar radiation in southern latitudes and relatively dry conditions. The conditions of keeping the yak in the steppe zone differ from its natural habitat. During the observation period, two main reasons for the violation of the physical condition of animals were recorded. Firstly, these are injuries received during life. Injuries are often complicated by wohlfartiosis. The second violation of the physical condition of the domestic yak is eye damage in some individuals, which occurs due to the incomplete adaptation of some animals to the high wind activity characteristic of the steppe region. The main cause of conjunctivitis and keratitis is dust raised by strong winds. A set of measures has been developed and adapted to ensure the treatment of animals in conditions close to their natural habitat and semi-free maintenance.

VEGETATION MAPPING OF EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION USING MACHINE LEARNING BASED ON LANDSAT SATELLITE IMAGES

2025-09-27T04:10:11+00:00

The aim of this study is to develop an approach for mapping vegetation in the East Kazakhstan region using machine learning methods based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery. The paper examines data preprocessing stages, the selection of optimal classification algorithms, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for different vegetation types. The process of pre-processing and classification of data was carried out on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform. In addition to 17 auxiliary layers containing information about the terrain, training samples were formed during the data collection process and distributed into 10 classes: broadleaf trees, conifers, herbaceous vegetation, shrubs, open land, agricultural land, wetlands, built-up land, snow and ice, and water bodies.

Various machine learning algorithms were applied and compared in the study, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Gradient Tree Boosting (GTB), and Random Forest (RF). The GTB and RF algorithms demonstrated the best results, with an Overall accuracy of 92% and a Kappa coefficient of 91%, indicating the high quality of integrating remote sensing data with machine learning methods. The obtained research results highlight the potential of machine learning methods for ecosystem monitoring, environmental planning, natural resource management, and emergency response in the region.

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF STERLET (ACIPENSER RUTHENUS, LINNAEUS, 1758) IN THE IRTYSH RIVER

2025-06-24T12:28:24+00:00

The article examines the habitat and biological characteristics of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) inhabiting the Irtysh River in the Pavlodar and Abay regions. Data on population length, weight, and age structure revealing differences between regions are presented. An analysis of ecological conditions, including the impact of hydropower plants, water pollution, and changes in hydrological regimes, was conducted. Particular attention was paid to the influence of anthropogenic factors, such as dam construction and poaching, on population numbers and distribution. The research results demonstrate that sterlet in the Pavlodar region achieves maximum length, while in the Abay region, it reaches maximum weight. It was also revealed that the rate of weight growth significantly exceeds the rate of length growth at later stages of development. The obtained data allow for predicting changes in population numbers and developing recommendations for their restoration. The article emphasizes the importance of conserving rare fish species and suggests measures to stabilize their populations, including the creation of specialized breeding programs, monitoring of spawning grounds, and control of anthropogenic impact. This research is crucial for the sustainable management of Kazakhstan's aquatic bioresources and ensuring their preservation for future generations.

REDUCING THE ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF EDIBLE OIL WASTE MIXTURES THROUGH STUDYING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

2025-06-24T12:32:04+00:00

Depending on the method of preparation and storage conditions, waste vegetable oil residues may contain free fatty acids, moisture, mineral substances, partially acylglycerides, as well as hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, peroxides, oligomers containing phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen, etc. In addition, although the bulk of the edible oils used (up to 95%) are purified triacylglycerides, the impurities they contain not only make waste oils unsuitable for food or feed purposes, but also turn them into problematic raw materials for further processing. For these reasons, the development of a method for recycling waste cooking oil that does not require preliminary treatment before further processing is relevant. The article presents the results of studies on the use of waste edible oil as a secondary raw material in the production of household chemicals and sanitary and hygienic detergents. A model of viscosity of sodium soap solutions, which are non-Newtonian fluids with pseudoplatelet properties, regardless of soap concentration in the temperature range of 60-90°C, has been developed. Model studies are based on consideration of the phase composition and structure of soap, which is determined by the geometric shape and size of micelles, the arrangement of molecules in micelles and the arrangement of these forms in crystal lattices of hexagonal and lamellar structure. Empirical formulas have been developed to describe viscosity. The correctness of the formulas has been verified by comparing calculated and experimental data: the average error is about 10%. The results of the presented studies are applicable to improving the process of producing sanitary and hygienic soap using waste cooking oil as a secondary raw material

ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE COMPOSITION AND APPLICATION OF AN INNOVATIVE ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZER BASED ON LAKE SEDIMENTS

2025-06-24T12:33:15+00:00

The article discusses the ecological aspects of the composition and application of an organomineral fertilizer based on bottom sediments of lakes in the North Kazakhstan region. A possible solution to the urgent problem of reducing the level of humus and land fertility and, as a result, crop yields is presented through the use of the created Saprolin fertilizer. The composition and properties of this innovative fertilizer, including macro- and microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, etc.), and its environmental safety are described. The methods of applying fertilizers, including pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar top dressing of plants, which contribute to increasing yields and quality characteristics of products, are considered. The results of laboratory and field studies show that Saprolin activates the growth and yield of agricultural crops, minimizes the need for the use of mineral chemical fertilizers. An example of the results of using liquid fertilizer on the variety of oats (Avenasativa L.) "Skakun" is given. It is concluded that the use of this fertilizer is promising for the sustainable development of agriculture, improving environmental safety and introducing green technologies into the agricultural sector.

ECOLOGICAL TESTING OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SUGAR SORGHUM IN ADRID CONDITIONS OF AKMOLINA REGION

2025-06-24T12:34:30+00:00

Annotation

The article discusses the prospects for expanding acreage for sugar sorghum in the northern regions of Kazakhstan. Its biological features are described, including drought resistance, the ability to restore vegetation after long periods without consequences, and high biomass productivity. The key agrotechnical problems are highlighted, such as the weak competitiveness of crops in the region with weeds and the requirements for sowing technologies. Special attention is paid to the consequences of the emergence of new varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum, as well as the use of soil herbicides and early sowing dates to increase yields.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EMISSIONS OF POLLUTANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL ZONES ON THE COMPONENTS OF THE SHYMKENT CITY ENVIRONMENT

2025-06-24T12:35:36+00:00

This article deals with the problem of pollution by industrial zones. General information on the negative impact of industrial emissions. The main focus of the paper is on greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. The industrial zones' production activities release into the city environment such substances as soot, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, metals and their compounds. Water pollution and solid waste (SW) emissions are also occurring. The main ingredient in industrial emissions is inorganic dust. Information on greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions was provided. Based on the results of the evaluation of the impact of current industrial production, proposed measures to reduce harmful effects on the environment.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT RANGE OF PYRUS REGELII REHDER IN KAZAKHSTAN AND CENTRAL ASIA

2025-06-24T12:38:54+00:00

Herbarium holdings of botanical organizations dated 1880-2022 were analyzed in order to identify the current range of P. regelii species and map its distribution. Materials of herbarium fund of RSE “Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction” (AA) - 133 herbarium sheets, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (LE) - 153 herbarium sheets, Republic of Uzbekistan (TASH) - 90 herbarium sheets were processed and analyzed, points of distribution on sites Plantarium and GBIF were viewed. As a result of the analysis 56 points of P. regelii distribution in Karatau, Western Tien Shan and Kyrgyz Alatau were identified and mapped, 28 points were marked from the territory of Kyrgyzstan, 42 points from Uzbekistan and 8 points from the territory of Tajikistan. It was revealed that the form of P. regelii f. simplicifolia occurs much less frequently than the form of P. regelii f. Koopmani. Possible processes of intrageneric hybridization between Central Asian pears require further ecological-biological and molecular-genetic studies. A critical review of the ecological conditions of P. regelii revealed that the species is distributed along southern, eastern, southwestern, less often northern slopes of mountains at an angle of 34° in the belt of shrub vegetation, in Uzbekistan in the band of juniper. The soil of P. regelii is stony-fine-grained and rubbly, and populations are distributed on mountain slopes along rivers at altitudes from 613 to 2600 m above sea level, depending on the ecological conditions of the gorges.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF POPULATIONS OF POPULUS PRUINOSA SCHRENK OF THE DESERT PART OF THE SYRDARYA RIVER VALLEY

2025-06-24T12:45:23+00:00

Annotation. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the current state of two populations of the rare species listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2014) – Populus pruinosa Schrenk of the desert part of the Syrdarya river valley (the first grows on the territory of the reserve “Kargaly”; the second – in the Zhanakorgan forestry of Kyzylorda region). In particular, a brief description of growing conditions of these populations is given and biometric data of vegetative organs (tree height, trunk girth, length and width of leaf plates, length of petioles), as well as age composition of populations of this species are analyzed. It is shown that the leaves of P. pruinosa of the studied – Kargaly and Zhanakorgan - populations demonstrate a certain diversity of morphometric characteristics depending on ecological conditions of habitat. More favorable growing conditions of turanga in the Kargaly Reserve are reflected in the morphological parameters of tree leaves, which in the Kargaly population have larger average values of length and width than in the Zhanakorgan population. The P. pruinosa population of Zhanakorgan forestry requires application of conservation measures.

ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION OF FRAGILE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS BY METALS AND PESTICIDES IN THE CONDITIONS OF EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

2025-06-24T12:48:17+00:00

Forest ecosystems play an important role in maintaining biological diversity, regulating climate, and conserving water resources. However, in recent decades they have been exposed to significant anthropogenic impacts, including heavy metal and pesticide pollution. East Kazakhstan is a region with a developed mining industry and intensive agriculture, which leads to the accumulation of hazardous substances in soil, vegetation and water bodies. This article discusses the problem of contamination of forest ecosystems with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) and pesticide residues. The study was conducted at several sites with varying degrees of anthropogenic stress. The sampling of soil, vegetation and water was carried out in accordance with international standards. Heavy metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the pesticide content was determined by gas chromatography. The results showed a significant excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) for a number of pollutants, especially in areas adjacent to industrial enterprises and agricultural land. It has been found that the accumulation of heavy metals leads to deterioration of the soil structure, a decrease in its fertility and a change in the composition of the soil microflora. High concentrations of pollutants have been recorded in vegetation, which can pose a threat to animals and humans. In addition, the migration of pesticides into aquatic ecosystems indicates the risk of further spread of pollutants. Based on the data analysis, recommendations are proposed to reduce the negative impact on forest ecosystems. These include the introduction of pollution monitoring systems, the use of bioremediation methods, and the development of strategies for sustainable management of natural resources. This study confirms the need to strengthen control over emissions of harmful substances and introduce environmental protection measures to preserve the ecosystems of Eastern Kazakhstan.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS, EMISSIONS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOSTANAY CITY)

2025-06-24T12:50:00+00:00

This study examines the relationship between meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed) and the concentration of atmospheric pollutants (NO₂, CO, О₃, SO₂, PM_2.5) in the city of Kostanay. Using correlation and regression analysis, statistical dependencies have been identified that determine the influence of weather conditions on the level of air pollution. It has been found that temperature positively correlates with ozone (O₃) and nitrogen oxide (NO), which is explained by their photochemical reactions. Humidity increases the concentration of CO and HS, but reduces the content of NO and o. Wind speed affects the dispersion of pollutants: with strong winds, the concentration of NO₂ and NO increases, but the level of SO₂ and O₃ decreases. The data obtained helps to assess the environmental situation in the region and can be used to develop strategies for improving air quality and pollution monitoring.

ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORIES OF NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION: CANADIAN EXPERIENCE AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS USE

2025-06-24T12:51:01+00:00

Annotation. The article is devoted to the study of ecotourism development in the specially protected natural territories of the North Kazakhstan region on the example of the Kokshetau State National Park (Imantau-Shalkar resort area (IShRA)) with an emphasis on the experience of Canada. In the context of global environmental challenges and growing interest in sustainable tourism, ecotourism is becoming an important tool for preserving natural heritage and supporting local communities. The analysis of successful practices is carried out in the paper in Canadian regions where ecotourism contributes not only to environmental protection, but also to economic and social development. Key aspects such as the management of natural resources, the involvement of the local population in the tourism industry and the creation of infrastructure for tourists are considered. The possibilities of the use of the Canadian experience in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region are also being discussed, including potential areas for the development of ecotourism that can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in specially protected natural areas and improve the quality of local residents’ life. The article highlights the importance of integrating environmental, economic and social factors for the achievement of the goals in the ecotourism sustainable development.

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND URBANIZATION ON WATER CONSUMPTION IN KAZAKHSTAN USING MATHEMATICAL MODELING METHOD

2025-06-24T12:52:17+00:00

As is the case worldwide, population growth and urbanization are increasingly progressing processes in Kazakhstan. Therefore, it is anticipated that the increasing water demand driven by urbanization will exert pressure on water resources. Identifying this pressure and its potential effects systematically and taking necessary measures are of critical importance. In this context, this study examines the impact of population and urbanization growth on water consumption in Kazakhstan using data from the Kazakhstan National Statistics Bureau and mathematical modeling methods. The findings indicate that Kazakhstan's population, which stands at 20 million in 2024, is projected to reach 24 million by 2040 and 27 million by 2050. Furthermore, 70.7% of this population is expected to reside in urban areas, while the rural population is anticipated to decrease by 27.5%. In the study, population growth in large cities was analyzed. The urbanization rate between 2019 and 2024 stands out. In the future, it is possible that water resources will become insufficient and fail to meet the demand for water. With urbanization, the increasing demand for water brings to the fore the necessity of efficient use and protection of water resources. Within the scope of the study, the effects of the increasing urbanization rate on per capita daily water consumption have been projected, potential problems related to water resources have been identified. The per capita water demand has been rapidly increasing annually due to population growth. Future water demand forecasts have also been made to assess the impact of urban population growth on per capita daily water consumption. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of implementing critical measures to ensure the efficient management of water resources.

ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE OPERATION OF LANDFILLS OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE IN In KOKSHETAU

2025-06-24T12:53:54+00:00

The article is devoted to the study of the environmental consequences of the activities of landfills of solid household waste (MSW) in the city of Kokshetau. The paper considers the main environmental problems associated with the functioning of landfills, including pollution of soil, water resources and atmospheric air, as well as risks to public health. Based on the analysis of pollution in the impact area of the landfill, recommendations for minimizing environmental damage are proposed. The research examines the best practices of waste disposal and the use of environmental protection technologies in urban environments. The results can be used to develop effective MSW management strategies in Kazakhstan and other regions with similar environmental challenges.

РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТАЛЫХ ВОД В ГОРОДСКОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЕ Г. УРАЛЬСК ОПЫТ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИХ СТРАН И ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ ПОЛЬСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

2025-07-08T06:40:17+00:00

The article examines the potential for the rational use of meltwater in the urban infrastructure of Uralsk, taking into account the experience of European countries, particularly Poland, within the framework of academic mobility. In Uralsk, as in other cold-climate cities, meltwater often causes flooding and stormwater drainage issues. The author explores practices for the effective collection, storage, and use of meltwater, such as underground reservoirs, rain gardens, and green technologies implemented in Polish cities. The potential for adapting these technologies in Uralsk to improve the resilience of urban infrastructure, reduce the load on water supply systems, and increase environmental sustainability is also discussed. The article emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach, including the introduction of innovative solutions and the involvement of local authorities and the community.

ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF AEROTECHNOGENIC POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS IN THE NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION

2025-06-24T12:57:17+00:00

This article presents an ecological assessment of air and soil pollution in the North Kazakhstan region caused by heavy metals. Modern analytical methods, including mapping, statistical data processing, and comparative analysis, were applied to evaluate contamination levels and their environmental impact. The study provides graphical and tabular data on pollutant concentrations, spatial distribution, and potential health risks for the local population.Environmental pollution by heavy metals is a pressing issue due to their persistence, bioaccumulation potential, and toxic effects on ecosystems and human health. The North Kazakhstan region is influenced by various anthropogenic factors, including industrial emissions, agricultural practices, and vehicular traffic, which contribute to atmospheric and soil contamination. Heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg) are released into the environment through industrial activities, transportation exhaust, and the application of agrochemicals. These pollutants settle into the soil, posing long-term risks to agricultural productivity, groundwater quality, and biodiversity.The research methodology involves field sampling, laboratory analysis, and geospatial assessment using GIS technologies to visualize contamination hotspots. Concentrations of heavy metals in air and soil were compared against national and international environmental safety standards to determine the extent of pollution. The study also assesses the ecological risks associated with metal contamination, focusing on their potential impact on human health. Chronic exposure to heavy metals can lead to serious health issues, including respiratory disorders, neurological impairments, and carcinogenic effects.The findings highlight the most affected areas and suggest measures to mitigate pollution, such as improved emission controls, sustainable land-use practices, and stricter environmental regulations. The study contributes to developing a framework for long-term monitoring and pollution management strategies to ensure ecological safety in the region.

SYSTEMATIC MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES USING THE QUALIMETRIC METHOD

2025-06-24T12:58:52+00:00

The annotation.This article discusses the use of environmentally friendly structures (phytoconstructions) related to the naturalization of urban development as a way to improve the urban environment. Naturalization of large areas of urban development is becoming a practical large-scale area of urban development. The purpose of this direction is to connect densely built-up central areas of the city with a green zone, a common landscaping system.

A method for quantifying the impact of a phytomodule on the environment using the qualimetric method has been developed. An individual "property tree" has been developed for the adjacent territory with a typical set of FMS. The calculation part of the method is based on the use of indicators: weighting coefficient, background value, measurement result, factor indicators. These indicators are determined by measurements and expertise. The improvement of the environment as a result of the impact of the active part of the phytomodule is characterized by the ratio of ecological potential.

Keywords: Environment, naturalization of the urban environment, eco-structures, plants, ecological potential,qualimetric method

INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TYPES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDOOR PLANTS UNDER NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

2025-06-24T13:01:55+00:00

The basis of life on Earth are plants, creatures that ensure the sustainability of ecosystems and directly contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the biosphere. During photosynthesis, plants enrich the atmosphere with oxygen and are a food source for animals and humans, as well as medicinal raw materials, building materials, industrial resources and important elements ensuring environmental sustainability. Plants regulate climatic conditions, prevent soil erosion, help maintain moisture, and are crucial for preserving biodiversity by creating a habitat for living organisms. Plant reproduction occurs naturally and artificially. While seed propagation is widespread in nature, vegetative propagation is valued as a fast and effective way to propagate plants. Vegetative reproduction methods in caleming are one of the most widely used approaches. Using the cuttings method, new plant shoots multiply in a short time, fully preserving the properties of the parent plant. Good rooting of cuttings depends on many factors, including the physiological characteristics of the plant, the amount of light, the humidity level, the temperature regime and the types of substrate used, which play a crucial role. The composition and structure of the substrate significantly affect the plant's ability to form roots, since the presence of sufficient nutrients and moisture ensures the proper formation of the root system of plants. Studying the effects of natural and artificial light during rooting makes it possible to optimize the rooting process of plants. Under artificial lighting conditions, the light spectrum and light intensity of plants play an important role, since light energy is the main driving force of the photosynthesis process. Vegetative reproduction of many cultivated plants contributes to their rapid adaptation and resistance to environmental conditions. In addition, the effective use of vegetative plant propagation methods for the conservation and restoration of natural resources helps maintain an ecological balance.