GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF ETHNODEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article examines the ethnodemographic changes that have occurred in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past 30 years (from the early 1990s to the 2020s). The study is based on the analysis of statistical data, population census materials and scientific publications, and also includes a spatial assessment of demographic and ethnic transformations in various regions of the country. The study focuses on the changes in the number and territorial distribution of the main ethnic groups, migration processes, and urbanization. Key trends have been identified: a steady growth trend in the number of the titular nation, the Kazakhs; a significant reduction in the number of Russian-speaking ethnic groups, primarily Russians, Ukrainians, Germans and Belarusians; repatriation of the кandas. The importance of an integrated approach to the assessment of ethnodemographic processes is emphasized in order topredict future changes and form effective state national and regional policies.