MICROBIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF LAKES IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE FORESIGHT CONCEPT

Abstract

The article presents the results of microbiome studies conducted on Lakes Glubinnoye, Brusyanoe, and Karasu, located in the West Kazakhstan region, using high-throughput sequencing methods. The analysis revealed that unclassified bacteria, along with representatives of the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, dominate in these aquatic ecosystems. The main differences among the microbiomes of the three lakes are associated with the proportion of unassigned bacterial taxa. It was also found that the taxonomic structures of the microbial communities across the lakes share common features. All samples contained representatives of Verrucomicrobiae, Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidia, Actinobacteria, and Acidimicrobiia. Beta diversity analysis indicated that the microbiome composition varies depending on the sampling location. When assessing the taxonomic composition, it was observed that the microbiomes from Lake Glubinnoye are more similar to each other, while those from Lake Karasu, despite being grouped in the same cluster, exhibit greater diversity. Samples from Lakes Glubinnoye and Brusyanoe showed the presence of Candidatus Aquilinia (ranging from 2.6% to 7.5%) and relatively high levels of Algoriphagus (from 2% to 8%). A notable common feature between samples from Lakes Glubinnoye and Karasu is the relatively high abundance of the Methylophilaceae family (ranging from 1.3% to 3.8%).