THE ROLE OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS IN CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY USING GIS TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

In the context of worsening environmental problems associated with the irrational use of natural resources, disruption of the ecological balance and degradation of natural ecosystems over vast territories, the task of preserving unique natural complexes is becoming especially urgent. One of the effective tools for solving these problems is the creation of specially protected natural areas (SPNA), which serve as an ecological framework that helps preserve natural complexes in their natural state and restore degraded ecosystems under the influence of anthropogenic factors.

The article examines the role of protected areas in the conservation of biodiversity using geographic information systems (GIS) using the example of the North Kazakhstan region. The article analyzes modern approaches to the use of protected areas as platforms for increasing environmental literacy of the population, developing environmental responsibility and implementing programs for the protection of rare and endangered species.

A review of existing natural areas of the region, their potential for scientific research and popularization of biodiversity conservation using GIS technologies was conducted. Key areas of interaction between environmental protection activities and educational initiatives are identified, and recommendations are proposed for strengthening the role of protected areas in ensuring sustainable development of the region.

For the first time, a tourist and recreational map of the North Kazakhstan region and a recreational map of the Aiyrtau district were developed based on Earth remote sensing (ERS) data at a scale of 1:250,000. The use of modern tools such as GIS and remote sensing allows for a significant increase in the efficiency of planning tourism and recreational activities, and also facilitates the integration of environmental measures with educational and awareness-raising programs. These technologies provide accurate mapping of natural and cultural sites, areas with special ecological status and potential recreational resources, which contributes to the sustainable development of the region and the formation of environmentally responsible tourism.