THE ALKARISI AND ALBASTI PHENOMENON IN TURKIC WORLD MYTHOLOGY WITHIN A CULTURAL SEMANTIC CONTEXT

Abstract

This study focuses on the Alkarısı (a mythical female demon) and the harmful event she causes, often resulting in the death of the baby or even the mother, known as "Albasti," which is among the most widespread myths of the Turkic world. Within the context of our cultural semantics, the earliest period of Turkic mythology is one dominated by women. During this period, women were considered superior to men, primarily due to their fertility. Accordingly, matrilineal communities of approximately 15-20 people were formed under the guidance and leadership of "kam ana" (shamanic mothers). Given the connection between women and the birch tree as origin myths, the conceptualization of "woman" in Turkic mythology during this early period will be examined. With the advent of nomadic life and pastoralism in the steppes, some women who lost their dominance fought back (as Amazons or Umai followers), but the attacks on women who fell under male dominance, killing them and their babies, form the origin and widespread nature of the "Al Karısı" and "Albasti" beliefs. In this context, the physical similarities between women and birch trees, the nourishing nature of both, the nurturing effect of birch milk or sap on women, the maternal care and nurturing nature of birch trees, the early use of birch trees as homes, dwellings, or homes in places called "alacık," and their relationship with camps managed by "odağan" (commanders), and the formation of family structures are all examined.