SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF MARKET TRANSFORMATION IN KAZAKHSTAN (1991–2000)

Аннотация

The study of market transformation and liberalization processes remains a relevant area of interdisciplinary researches. This study is the first to reveal the main problems of economic liberalization in Kazakhstan in the 1990s, in line with its significance. The article examines the social and economic aspects of the transition to a market economy in the country.
The study made extensive use of statistical data from the state authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Analysis of these materials led to the following conclusions. From 1991 to 2000, Kazakhstan’s economy was much closer to a mixed type than to a market economy. The development of market relations and the liberalization of the economy in the country were carried out mainly by administrative and command methods, which determined the characteristics of its further social and economic development. Market transformation influenced virtually all spheres of the country’s life. Integration into global and regional economic processes, as well as the nature of internal economic processes, had a major impact on the formation of the country’s raw materials-oriented economy. The real sector of the economy, the service sector, finance, the tax system, as well as education and healthcare underwent marketization and liberalization. As a result, a modern consumer society was formed in Kazakhstan, dominated by market relations and values.
Since the state was the main implementer of major social and economic reforms from the outset, it was the state authorities that were primarily interested in strengthening their leading position in the economy. This phenomenon had a particular impact on the course and development of socio-political, economic and cultural transformations in Kazakhstan.