HORSE THEFT BY WEST SIBERIAN KAZAKHS IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF A NEW LEGAL FIELD OF THE TSARIST GOVERNMENT

Abstract

Abstract.  The study of the process of eviction of Kazakhs from the inner side of the Irtysh in the 30-70s, as a change in tactics in the policy of the tsarist government of the mid-19th century.

Based on written sources and historical research, to determine and analyze the causal relationships of the increase in horse theft by Kazakhs, both from the "loyal subjects" and steppe ones who migrated to the inner part.The study is based on the analysis of archival documents, including the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CSA RK), sources of the State Public Historical Library (SPIB RF, Moscow) and fundamental studies of the XX-XXI centuries. Additional materials are available in the published collections of documents "Kazakh-Russian relations in the XVIII-XIX centuries". The methodological basis of the study was a systems analysis, where Russian-Kazakh relations of the XVIII-XIX centuries are considered as a system, consisting of two unequal subsystems of Russian government policy and traditional Kazakh society.

The use of comparative historical, chronological and analytical research methods made it possible to give a more objective picture of the problem under study.   The uncertainty of the legal status of internal Kazakhs, the lack of self-government among the Kazakhs of the Tomsk province against the background of a series of national liberation movements of the first half of the 19th century, as well as the active implementation of the resettlement policy of peasants from the European part in order to consolidate the Russian population of the region, led to an increase in traditional horse theft, which was supported by internal Kazakhs to prevent the resettlement of Siberian lands by resettled peasants. Which became the reason for the transition from the second half of the 19th century. administrations from the tactics of permits for the migration of Kazakhs to the internal regions to its complete prohibition. The fight against horse theft was actively carried out in the 50-70s. XIX century. the period of decline in the Kazakh population, when they could move to the inner line without livestock and without yurts. Trying to stay on the inner side, due to constant expulsions, the Kazakhs on the Novoishim line converted to Christianity or moved to the peasantry.   With the creation of compact livestock villages in the region, an increase in their number and the need to bring the regulation of their situation to the legislative framework, it was decided to consolidate the Russian population in the region during the activation of the resettlement policy and the release of Siberian lands for them. Here, under the pretext of increasing horse theft, traditional for Kazakhs, and in the current situation, it became an expression of the reaction of both "internal" and steppe Kazakhs to the arbitrariness of the Kazakh population by various departments, due to the lack of a legislative framework for management.

Keywords: Region of Siberian Kirghiz (Kazakhs), Middle Zhuz, right bank of the Irtysh, "loyal Kazakhs", horse theft, "On measures to stop horse theft in Western Siberia" 1854, Semipalatinsk internal district.