БАТЫС ҚАЗАҚСТАН ОБЛЫСЫНДАҒЫ АДАМҒАДА УЛЫҒЫ ҚАУІПТІ ӨРМЕКШІЛЕРДІҢ БИОЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

Abstract

The article examines three species of venomous spiders distributed in the West Kazakhstan region: Eresus kollari F.W. Rossi, 1846 (Eresidae), Allohogna singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770) (Lycosidae), and Latrodectus tredecimguttatus (P. Rossi, 1790) (Theridiidae). Their morphological characteristics, ecological conditions, and potential danger to humans are discussed. E. kollari is a rare species that primarily lives in burrows and shows low aggressiveness toward humans. Its bite causes mild local reactions and does not pose a serious threat to human life. A. singoriensis is the largest representative of the regional fauna, belonging to the tarantula group. This species rarely poses a danger to humans; its venom causes pain and swelling but usually does not lead to severe poisoning. The most dangerous species is L. tredecimguttatus (the black widow), whose venom has a neurotoxic effect, causing severe poisoning and, in some cases, death. In recent years, an increase in the number and expansion of this species’ range have been observed in the West Kazakhstan region, as well as its penetration into settlements — a clear indication of synanthropization processes.