ИЗУЧЕНИЕ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ И ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ УЩЕЛЬЕ АЮСАЙ, АЛМАТЫ
Abstract
Abstract:
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the flora of Ayusai Gorge for the year 2026, including an assessment of the taxonomic structure, life forms, and economic significance of plants. The results revealed that the flora is characterized by a high level of diversity and includes 216 species belonging to 58 families. Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta) occupy the dominant position, accounting for 96.76% of all species, while gymnosperms (Pinophyta) and ferns (Polypodiophyta) are represented to a much lesser extent.
Analysis of the taxonomic structure showed that the families Asteraceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae possess the greatest species richness and form the basis of the regional flora. The ten leading families account for more than 60% of all species, indicating a pronounced uneven distribution of floristic diversity. At the genus level, large genera such as Astragalus, Allium, Artemisia, and Geranium are distinguished, containing a significant proportion of the species composition.
The analysis of plant life forms revealed the dominance of perennial herbaceous species (70.83%), which is typical of mountain and foothill ecosystems. Shrubs and annual plants also play a significant role, reflecting the diversity of environmental conditions and the degree of anthropogenic impact.
The obtained results indicate the richness and specificity of the flora of Ayusai Gorge, as well as its vulnerability to anthropogenic influence. The necessity for further monitoring and the development of biodiversity conservation measures under increasing recreational pressure is emphasized.
A total of 25 species of algae belonging to five divisions were identified in Ayusai Gorge: diatoms (Bacillariophyta) – 48%, green algae (Chlorophyta) – 24%, blue-green algae or cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta) – 16%, yellow-green algae (Xanthophyta) – 8%, and euglenoids (Euglenophyta) – 4%.
Among the identified microalgae and cyanobacteria, Scenedesmus sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Navicula sp., and Phormidium sp. were the most frequently observed, reflecting the characteristics of the species composition of the studied gorge. These taxa are widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems and contribute to the formation of both planktonic and attached communities. It should also be noted that Spirogyra varians and Closterium moniliferum were predominantly found in areas with lower water flow velocity, which is associated with their ecological characteristics and preference for calmer environmental conditions.
