DEVELOPMENT OF A GEOECOLOGICAL MODEL FOR SANITARY PROTECTION MEASURES IN URBANIZED AREAS: THE CASE OF SHYMKENT CITY

Abstract

Currently, major megacities of Kazakhstan, including Shymkent, are undergoing intensive urbanization processes. One of the main consequences of urbanization is the increase in environmental burden caused by emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, soil, and groundwater from industrial enterprises, transportation, and municipal waste. In such conditions, scientifically grounded planning of sanitary protection measures becomes crucial to safeguard public health and create a favorable ecological environment.
In this regard, conducting a comprehensive study of urbanized areas using Shymkent as a case study and developing a geoecological model represent a relevant scientific task aimed at ensuring environmental safety and sustainable regional development. The geoecological model considers the spatial organization of sanitary protection zones, the relationship between industrial facilities and residential areas, transport corridors, and green spaces. Such a model will enhance public environmental safety, ensure efficient urban land use, and promote the rational management of natural resources.

The proposed model provides a comprehensive assessment of the current environmental situation, evaluates the dynamics of pollutant dispersion in industrial areas, and explores methods of optimizing sanitary protection belts. Furthermore, it identifies the interrelation between the biogeochemical role of green plantings, the distribution of atmospheric pollutants, and population density. The developed geoecological model will serve as a basis for practical recommendations for administrative authorities, urban planning institutions, and environmental services.

Objective. To assess the ecological condition of urbanized areas in Shymkent and to develop a comprehensive geoecological model aimed at improving sanitary protection measures.

Tasks. To assess the ecological situation in the urbanized areas of Shymkent and to identify the features of pollutant distribution. To design a comprehensive geoecological model for the enhancement of sanitary protection measures.

Thus, the experience of Shymkent provides an opportunity to develop a new model for maintaining ecological balance and ensuring sanitary protection in urbanized territories. Such scientifically based solutions may be applied in other large cities and agglomerations of Kazakhstan.