ПАТША ҮКІМЕТІНІҢ САЯСАТЫ ЖӘНЕ БӨКЕЙ ОРДАСЫНДАҒЫ МОЛДАЛАР МЕН ҚОЖАЛАР

Abstract

This article examines the religious policy of the Russian Empire and the role of mullahs and khojas in the social and spiritual life of the Bukey Horde. It explores the development of Islam in the region, highlighting Khan Zhangir’s efforts to strengthen religious authority and use Islam as a tool of governance. The study analyzes the social status of the khojas, their relations with the sultans, and the educational and judicial roles of the mullahs. Based on archival and historical sources, the article reveals how Islamic institutions took shape within the Bukey Horde and their influence on the region’s sociopolitical structure. The findings demonstrate that Islam played a vital role in consolidating the political and spiritual foundations of the Bukey Horde.